1970_11 The Daily Collegian November 1970

              THE DAILY COLLEGIAN    Tueedt
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Tuesday, November 17. 1970    THE DAILY COLLEGfAN    3 ■
East, West Germany 25 years after WWII
(Editor's Nole: This is the first
In a series of analytical feature
articles dealing with international affairs. This article focuses on East and West Germany
and the changes In their relationship 25 years after the end
o( World War II)
By Sharon Williams
This year marks ■ the 25lh
anniversary of AlUed victory In
WW II and the signing of the UN
Charter at San Franslsco. But
there has really been very Uttle
There are probably two reasons for this: one, the problems
of East-West relations which
surfaced at the end of that War
still remain and , two, govern-
sorbed by the events which are
taking place right now-the Mid-
lie   East   and   Vietnam, In par-
it is in Europe today that
an  perceive what   may be
at turnlngpolnt.ar^assess-
of Cold War policies. The
le Arms Limitation Talks
between the US and USSR
jvlng  along  In   Helsinki,
, and significant changes
the making in Germany.
,I.T)
inyttdog will come out of SALT
but unprecedented breakthroughs
have occured In settling the in-
••■■rnatlonal status of thetwoGer-
n an states. This Is the major
unfinished business of WW II.
Tie Four Powers could not agree
on an all-German Peace Treaty
after 1945. Now, 25 years later,
:..isi and West Germany confront
tadl other as sovereign states,
but  with  diametrically  opposed
trie top ten industrial nations;
West German Is certainly the
strongest economic power in
•Vestern Europe, while East Germany Is the Soviet Union's biggest
per capita Income certainly eaual
to. If not surpassing, that of the
L'nder Social Democratic
hancellor Willy Brandt, West
ermnay has moved towards the
^eitlement of outstanding problems: (1) During the last eighteen
months, Brandt has met twice
with his counterpart, Prime Minister Willi Stoph of East
ermany. These were historical
meetings when one considers that
i-.plomatlc messages from East
Berlin were once returned by
Bonn unopened. Last week, East
(.erman representatives arrived
In Bonn to continue the dialogue;
2) Brandt has signed a treaty
with the Soviets recognizing the
twrder changes brought about by
the War. This treaty has yet
to be ratified by the Parliament
Bundestag) and the Christian
Democrats have strongly opposed
it; (3) Brandt has recently had
his Foreign Minister, Walter
Scheel, in Warsaw working on
a similar treaty with Poland.
Border changes
mous importance for West German-East European relations.
Until Brandt, It was West German policy to claim not only East
German territory, but sovereignity over the lands East of the
Oder-Nelsse rivers which the
Potsdam Conference put unde'r
Polish and Soviet Administration.
The East German government
was quick to recognize those border changes as final and absolute.
But West Germany absorbed almost all the German nationals
who once Uved in Pomeranla and
East   Prussia (the  'lost prov
inces*  east of the Oder-Nelsse
Anti-communism   '
Over the years various .West
German poUUcal circles found
It to their advantage to encourage
a 'return movement* among
these refugees. Their antl-com-
munlsm has a gut quality which
Is easily tapped (many are members of the Neo-Nazi party,
IDP), but as It Is now obvious
that only another war could possibly effect a "return* to what
are now de facto non-German
lands, these spiritually restless-
people are being told they must'
accept the results of WWII. The
Christian Democrats have shown
some sympathy, but most Germans believe that after all this
time they are being troublesome
and unrealistic. So when the Opposition accuses Brandt of "giving things away to the Communists,* most people know that In
regard to the Oder-Nelsse frontier this Is partisan flack: you
can only give away what you once
problems - recognition of East
Germany and discussion of the
status of West Berlin - the going gets rougher.
since he would not be pursuing
these policies at all, If the previous Cold War strategy had not
proven Itself a basic failure.
Washington has been aware of this
for some Ume: it has been fun-
destroyed), it wi
assumption of American policy
planners in 1945, that the Soviets
would never be able to recover
economic (and therefore poUUcal) strength without generating
intolerable social unrest in the
areas uader their influence. The
The Christian Democratic Opposition have said they will only
approve the Soviet and Polish
treaties If Brandt can get "concessions" in regard to West Berlin. This, of course, is a very
astute political maneuver: they
will OK the easy part of Brandt's
OstpoUtlk (Eastern policy), provided he comes through with what
they failed to get for more than
20 years — recognition by the
East Germans and Soviets of
West German sovereignty in West
This Is hardly fair to Brandt
honey (e.g. selected barter deals
with Poland), the Western goal
remained the same - to weaken
pro-Soviet governments, and
Ideally, to recreate along the
Soviet western border the "cor-
" of anti-communist
which existed prior
to 1939.
two days of worker protests in
East Berlin In June, 1953, and
the Hungarian uprising of 1956,
esUmaUon was
with     showed
NATO intervention
Still, It became evident that
only a NATO IntervenUon in these
cases could have won the day for
the US, but that would have meant
a world war In the days which
followed - a price the US was
not willing to pay. The strategy
1960 th
and workers were
daily leaving the East via West
Berlin for better paying Jobs,
etc. that within a year the East
German economy would Jest fall
apart. The result was that in
1961, the East Germans pet the
West Berlin border under fortified military control (the Berlin
WaU). This move effectively cut
off the supply of refugee labor to
the West which had to strained
.the East and, correspondingly,
benefited, the West German economic revival, it was a turning
point: the East German economy
revived and, with it, c
social stability which e
advance usually brings.
Meanwhile, West Berlin bangs .
on through massive Western economic support; now that its land
borders are under East German
military control, West Berlin's
value as an espionage center and
refugee escape route have fallen
drastically. The US and Brandt-
know this.
final de Jure authority in-
West BerUn resides with the
Western Allies, not West Germany,  In the Four Power talks
, place, they will try io salvage
as much as possible. News leaks
have It that a new formula is in
the works which would transfer
discussion of details to the two
Germanics.
All this Is preparatory to the
next step being hinted at — membership for both German states
In the UN. It is all a story of
how-much and how little has happened In 25 years.
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